Disclaimer and Copyright Notice
Disclaimer
The information published on this website is intended to explain engineering principles and assist readers in understanding amplifier design. While every effort has been made to ensure technical accuracy, readers should verify the suitability of any information for their own application.
Users of this website should use their own skill and judgment in using information on this website and carefully evaluate the accuracy, currency, completeness and relevance of such information.
Use of the information on this site is at your own risk. Valve amplifiers contain potentially hazardous voltages and should only be constructed or serviced by suitably competent persons.
Please see the section on 'Valve Safety'.
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Copyright © 2026 Phil Wait – SpotFire Tube Audio.
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Phil Wait – SpotFire Tube Audio (2026);do not modify, adapt or create derivative works; and
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